Image sensors

An image sensor is an electronic device that converts light (an optical image) into digital electrical signals.

Main types of image sensors

• CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor). Currently the most popular type of sensor. They operate at high speeds, consume little power, are cheaper to manufacture, and allow for image processing to take place directly within the sensor itself. They are used in smartphones, DSLR cameras, and industrial applications.
• CCD (Charge-Coupled Device). An older technology characterized by exceptionally high image quality, lower noise levels, and excellent light sensitivity. Today, they are used only in specialized fields—such as high-precision medical equipment or astronomy—because they are more expensive and slower than CMOS sensors.